Are atoms solid, or are they empty space?

Actually, you are right. Atoms don't have a surface. But you are forgetting that there are forces of attraction between a nucleus of one atom and the electron of another atom.

There, when the atoms come together, at an optimum distance, the forces of attraction overcome the forces of repulsion and there the bond is formed. Then, depending on the distance, the matter changes as solids, liquids and gases. For that atoms need not have a surface.

They need to have only forces of attraction.

There are electrical forces making the boundarys.

I cant really gove you an answer,but what I can give you is a way to a solution, that is you have to find the anglde that you relate to or peaks your interest. A good paper is one that people get drawn into because it reaches them ln some way.As for me WW11 to me, I think of the holocaust and the effect it had on the survivors, their families and those who stood by and did nothing until it was too late.