If atoms are mostly empty space, then how do we appear solid to one another?

Your question is whether the solid atom is solid within or empty space within. The answer is that the atom is solid because of force fields that define its boundaries. To generate the force field, universe energy force travels as waves over the electrons and gets focused into the nucleus where the force enters the Y-axis from the X-axis and oscillates.

Each oscillation represents a repulsion that defines the solid at the border of its force field. Since all atoms have electrons, the repulsion is negative to negative. As many answers point out, the proton is very small at the center in comparison to the electron which has a volume about a million times larger.

This causes waves from free photons to get focused into the nucleus as the electron toroid rotates and whirls in or out. In the nucleus, the density is high enough for the forces to cause a deflection from the X-axis to the Y-axis, with a twining of flux lines north or south, and causes a turbo or screw motion in the magnetic field. In the case of photon, there is no nucleus and no force field to cause repulsion at the surface border and so it is not a solid, but forms an ocean of EMR photons in our Universe.

Also note, two gamma ray photons can unite to form an electron positron pair, and thus solid matter is formed from energy waves and photons.

In fact the whole notion of solid only really makes sense at scales bigger than atoms. Ultimately, *all* fundamental particles are point like, ie they have no spatial size. But there are a bunch of properties tied to the same point, and these properties can effectively extend into the surrounding space.

The result is that when these point particles come together, the various properties can arrange the points into structures that do have size and remain stable, as in the case of atoms.

I cant really gove you an answer,but what I can give you is a way to a solution, that is you have to find the anglde that you relate to or peaks your interest. A good paper is one that people get drawn into because it reaches them ln some way.As for me WW11 to me, I think of the holocaust and the effect it had on the survivors, their families and those who stood by and did nothing until it was too late.