Are there any statictics on how many dogs aquire leptospirosis that were current on there vaccination for leptospirosis?

Similar questions: statictics dogs aquire leptospirosis current vaccination.

From College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA vet.uga.edu/vpp/clerk/noel/index.phpNote: Treatment of animals should only be performed by a licensed veterinarian. Veterinarians should consult the current literature and current pharmacological formularies before initiating any treatment protocol. Vacines: NONE APPROVED Leptospira spp.

Bacterins are serovar-specific. For over two decades, typical bacterins were designed to protect dogs from L. Canicola and L.

Icterohaemorrhagiae. However, these products did not provide protection from infection by other serovars. In recent years, documented infection of dogs with L.

Canicola and L. Icterohaemorrhagiae has been quite rare, but infection with serovars L. Gryppotyphosa, L.

Pomona, and L. Bratislava has increased in frequency.3 The prominence of these latter serovars stems from the use of vaccination and the greater exposure of unnatural hosts such as dogs to wildlife reservoir hosts in rural or suburban environments.1 For this reason, pharmaceutical manufacturers have developed newer vaccines designed to protect against infection with L. Gryppotyphosa and L.Pomona.3Currently, the United States Department of Agriculture has not licensed any vaccine containing the serovar L.

Bratislava. As with most bacterins, immunity is not as long lasting as is immunity to viral antigens. Yearly boosters are recommended for at risk dogs, and immunity may not even last a complete year.

Although leptospiral vaccines have historically been incriminated in more adverse vaccine reactions than other commonly used vaccines, the newer and "cleaner" subunit vaccines have lead to a reduction in the number of these adverse reactions.3IntroductionLeptospirosis is a zoonotic disease of worldwide veterinary significance in many animal species. It is caused by infection with antigenically distinct serovars of the spirochete Leptospira interrogans sensu lato, of which eight are of greatest importance to dogs and cats (Fig.1). The genus has been classified into new species on the basis of genetic relatedness.1 On the basis of serologic relatedness, as determined by cross-agglutination and agglutinin-absorption tests, these species are further divided into several serogroups (e.g. , Leptospira canicola, L.

Icterohaemorrhagiae and L. Pomona). There are multiple, antigenically distinct organisms within each serogroup, which are referred to as serovars.9 Serovars are maintained in nature in numerous subclinically infected wild and domestic animal reservoir hosts that serve as potential sources of infection and illness for humans and other incidental hosts.1 The preferred reservoir host and likely incidental host vary with the serovar as well as the geographic location.4 Leptospira sp.

Cannot replicate outside of a host.6 Sources: Spartan Caver Says: .

1 You might want to purchase a book on pet health. It appears you have a lot of questions. Also, there's lots of info on the internet if you will just do a google search.

Good luck.

You might want to purchase a book on pet health. It appears you have a lot of questions. Also, there's lots of info on the internet if you will just do a google search.

Good luck.

I cant really gove you an answer,but what I can give you is a way to a solution, that is you have to find the anglde that you relate to or peaks your interest. A good paper is one that people get drawn into because it reaches them ln some way.As for me WW11 to me, I think of the holocaust and the effect it had on the survivors, their families and those who stood by and did nothing until it was too late.