Can ones personal tax liability be over 50% of their total income unadjusted for AGI in a single year?

They do not reduce taxes dollar for dollar. In some past years, they were a direct deduction. Now, they are part of ITEMIZED DEDUCTIONS, and have instructions and reporting rules.

You will either choose a standard deduction or itemize, whichever is larger. Standard Deduction: People who check any box on line 39a or 39b or who can be claimed as a dependent, see instructions. All others: Single or Married filing separately, $6,300 Married filing jointly or Qualifying widow(er), $12,600 Head of household, $9,250 If the standard deduction is larger than the itemized ones which includes charity, then the charity is not deductible.

If all other itemized is equal to or larger than the standard deduction, then the charity is fully deductible If all other itemized is not equal to standard, but charity brings it over, then it was partially deductible.

At most, reduces your taxable income. If you don't itemize, there's no tax break. In any case, does NOT reduce your tax dollar for dollar.

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