Gee … if biomarker testing is so terrific, then why aren’t all anti-doping tests designed to look for biomarkers?

Remember that a biomarker test measures the effect that the performance-enhancing drug has on the biomarker. It’s possible that the same effect might be produced by something other than the performance-enhancing drug. Q: Like my black-and-blue mark being caused by the car door.

A: Yes. Going back to our example of blood doping, we said that a low reticulocyte count might be a biomarker for blood doping. But there are other things that might cause a low reticulocyte count: for example, getting sick, or moving from a high to a low altitude.

There’s also a certain natural variation in most biomarkers. In order for the HGH test to be valid, the scientists have to find a biomarker measurement that they can confidently link to HGH use – and only to HGH use. More.

Remember that a biomarker test measures the effect that the performance-enhancing drug has on the biomarker. It’s possible that the same effect might be produced by something other than the performance-enhancing drug. Q: Like my black-and-blue mark being caused by the car door.

A: Yes. Going back to our example of blood doping, we said that a low reticulocyte count might be a biomarker for blood doping. But there are other things that might cause a low reticulocyte count: for example, getting sick, or moving from a high to a low altitude.

There’s also a certain natural variation in most biomarkers. In order for the HGH test to be valid, the scientists have to find a biomarker measurement that they can confidently link to HGH use – and only to HGH use. More.

I cant really gove you an answer,but what I can give you is a way to a solution, that is you have to find the anglde that you relate to or peaks your interest. A good paper is one that people get drawn into because it reaches them ln some way.As for me WW11 to me, I think of the holocaust and the effect it had on the survivors, their families and those who stood by and did nothing until it was too late.