How do estrogen levels affect a woman's pain threshold?

Pain threshold levels are clearly linked to cycling estrogen levels in women. A variety of painful medical conditions have been reported to worsen with the monthly cycle, including chronic headaches, irritable bowel syndrome, and rheumatoid arthritis. In general, high estrogen results in an increase in pain-blocking neurochemicals, whereas pain-producing neurochemicals increase when estrogen falls to low levels.

Estradiol enhances communication between nerves, accounting for the increased sensitivity to pain in women.

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