How do I modulate oscillator pitch or filter cutoff with an lfo?

1. Create an LFO 2. Scale the LFO's output by multiplying it with Modulation Amount knob.

The knob range could be e.g. 0..12 semitones. 3. Convert the pitch offset at the Mult's module output to frequency factor by dP2FF module.

Set the latter to precision other than infinite to reduce CPU consumption. For 12 semitones modulation a cubic precision may be enough. 4.

Multiply the frequency routed to the oscillator or filter by the frequency factor. Instead you could modulate directly the frequency rather than pitch. In this case the knob would define the frequency range of moduation, e.g. Knob range could be 0..200 Hz, thus modulating the frequency up to 200 Hz.

Rather than using dP2FF module, add the scaled LFO to the frequency routed to the oscillator or filter. Remember that if you modulate the frequency the audible effect will be much stronger at lower carrier (modulated) frequencies. Notice.

Written above relates to LFO modulation, not to FM synthesis. More.

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