How do Salmonella, E. coli O157:H7 and other human pathogens contaminate tomatoes and other fruits and vegetables?

There is no quick answer to this question. Scientists are still debating the most likely routes of produce contamination. It is possible for produce to be contaminated at various stages, including during cultivation, harvest, cleaning, washing and distribution.

In the field, fruits and vegetables can be contaminated by coming in contact with animal manure or poultry litter that was improperly composted. Bird, animal and insect droppings can occasionally land on produce in the field and deposit pathogens on surfaces. Additionally, improper personal hygiene of workers who handle produce in the field and/or during packing can also breach the microbiological safety of fruits and vegetables.

Cross-contamination in retail and during food preparation at home and in restaurants has also been documented (3). Additionally, it is not clear whether Salmonella and E. Coli O157:H7 contaminate only surfaces of fruits and vegetables or whether these bacteria are able to efficiently colonize internal ... more.

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