How does a transformer work?

A transformer is a simple device that transfers electrical energy from one circuit to another by means of magnetic induction. An alternating current (AC) in the primary circuit creates a changing magnetic field in the iron core. This magnetic field induces a changing (AC) voltage in the secondary circuit.

Connection of a load across the secondary will result in an AC current flowing, transferring electrical energy from the primary circuit to the secondary circuit. The output voltage of a transformer is determined by the ratio of turns between the primary & secondary. The secondary induced voltage Vs, of an ideal transformer, is scaled from the primary Vp by a factor equal to the ratio of the number of turns of wire in their respective windings.

Thus the voltage ratio can be expressed: For example, a transformer with 240v input and 24v output will have about ten times more turns on the primary than the secondary (disregarding losses). The number of turns on the primary is determines ... more.

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