How does estrogen affect migraine patterns in women?

Estrogen levels change over a woman's lifetime in a predictable pattern. As estradiol levels rise and fall, migraines tend to become more frequent and severe. Puberty and the early stages of menopause (called the perimenopause) are two times in a woman's life when estradiol levels fluctuate quite a bit and, not surprisingly, an increase in headache activity also occurs.

Smaller estradiol fluctuations occur with the monthly cycle, and greater fluctuations occur during pregnancy. Although headache patterns may temporarily change at these times, the overall headache pattern often continues to be relatively consistent until perimenopause, except during pregnancy.

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