How does exercise help prevent clots that lead to heart attack and stroke?

Heart attacks and strokes most often are caused by blood clots forming in arteries that have been narrowed by plaque. By some estimates, fully 90 percent of heart attacks are brought on by clot formation at the site of arterial narrowing. But there's good evidence that after a period of regular exercise, changes occur in the blood's tendency to clot; exercise seems to reduce the "stickiness" of platelets (clot-forming components of the blood) in arteries.

These platelets are less likely to stick together and form clots, thus reducing the risk of clot formation where arteries are narrowed by atherosclerosis. Exercise also seems to produce changes in what is called "fibrinolytic activity" in the blood. Fibrinogen is a protein essential to the formation of clots to stop bleeding from injury.

This is important, of course, when you've cut yourself. However, the body also considers the lesions caused by plaque formations on arterial walls to be injuries, and that's not so good when a clot forms in a narrowed artery. But regular exercise increases fibrinolysis, the dissolution of fibrinogen.

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