How does methylation affect cancer risk?

Methylation is the addition of a simple four-atom molecule (one carbon and three hydrogen atoms, known as a methyl group) to a substance. Modification of our DNA by adding or removing these methyl groups of certain genes is associated with increased risk of cancer. In the science of cancer causation, it is well observed that methylation and demethylation activity creates changes on the DNA molecule, and these changes occur early and ubiquitously in cancer development.

When the gene is methylated or demethylated, it changes how it works, either turning on or off certain parts of the DNA. The methylation interferes with normal control of cell division, allowing some cells to grow wildly, which is cancer.

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