How is Chronic Renal Failure Diagnosed?

Chronic renal failure is diagnosed by the observation of a combination of symptoms, physical examination and elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr) levels. The following abnormalities found in the blood may signal CRF: Anemia (low red blood cell count) High level of parathyroid hormone Hypocalcemia (low blood level of calcium) Hyperphosphatemia (high blood level of phosphate) Hyperkalemia (high blood level of potassium) Hyponatremia (low blood level of sodium) Low blood level of bicarbonate Low plasma pH (blood acidity) Proteinuria (excess protein in urine) CT scan and MRI might also help. Ultrasound may show that the kidneys are small in size However patients with diabetic nephropathy often have preservation of kidney size despite CRF.

Whether renal failure is acute or chronic usually can be distinguished by comparing prior test results (e.g. , from the past several months or years). It is difficult to make the distinction without previous test results. More.

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