I'll begin with the update 1: No, the universe did NOT start with a Big Bang. The Big Bang theory (the real one) merely describes the effect of the expansion of space on the energy content of the universe. It is completely silent about where the initial energy came from or why space is expanding.
Since no cause is claimed, therefore it cannot "break" any law of causality. The Big Bang theory started as an idea from a priest (who was also a great mathematician). Real Christians usually accept it as the theory that best describes the behavior of the universe over the last 13 billion years.
In fact, the Church rewarded the priest by elevating him to the rank of Prelate (equivalent to a bishop). Maybe you confuse Creationists with Christians. The Big Bounce theory is the one that was dropped almost 30 years ago.
That is the one that would break all the known laws. Dark Energy is still generally unknown. Many of us are still not convinced it exists (at least, not as "energy").
Gravity (in General Relativity) is not a force, but an effect (despite Einstein trying to unite it with the other three forces). Maybe what we interpret as an energy that accelerates expansion is also some kind of effect. If that is the case, then it may very well be that it will not "change density" as space expands.
And if this form of "energy" is not energy, but an effect, then it may be that it has no gravity. Of course, if that is the case, then one would be foolish to think that it must "act like everything else". In any case, the Big Bang theory does not need Dark Energy to be valid.
If anything, the effect of Dark Energy may be the very thing that forces us to look for an even better theory to replace Big Bang (the real one from 1948 and onward, that describes the behavior of energy in the universe, not the fake one that claims the universe started with an explosion -- that is so 1927). --- ALL laws can be proven wrong. A "law" is a rule that appears to be true, but cannot be explained (yet).
Any law is meant to be used under conditions (that may be known or not to the user -- the "law" does not care). Once you start using a "law" outside the conditions for which it was meant, the law no longer holds. Newton's "law" of gravity is based on the concept that gravity is instantaneous (we know it is not).
As long as you use the law in "everyday life", no problem. If you use it beyond that (for example, to determine gravity between two galactic clusters), you have to account for the time it takes for the "information" to get from one to the other. All that goes up must come down... is only true if the "going up" part is slower than escape speed.
Matter cannot be created nor desctoyed is only valid under "normal" conditions. And so on. The laws of Thermodynamics are only valid for closed and compact systems.
IF (a big if, I admit) the universe is infinite in spatial extent, then it is an open system (infinite spaces do not meet the definition of "closed and compact"), even if there is nothing else "beyond". The Observable Universe is definitely not closed and compact. But in any case, the only thing that does not meet the laws of thermodynamics, in the "Big Bang", is... the part that is NOT in the real Big Bang theory.
I cant really gove you an answer,but what I can give you is a way to a solution, that is you have to find the anglde that you relate to or peaks your interest. A good paper is one that people get drawn into because it reaches them ln some way.As for me WW11 to me, I think of the holocaust and the effect it had on the survivors, their families and those who stood by and did nothing until it was too late.