Is there an 'optimal' buffer size when using send()?

Depends what you mean by optimal. For optimal usage of the bandwidth, you want to maximize the packet size so send at least the network packet size (which on Ethernet is usually about 1500 bytes). If you are reading from disk 4096 or 8192 bytes would be a good value.

If your buffer size translates into packet size, then shorter buffers are better -- less to retransmit in event of a packet error.

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