You will find the 'cotton cloth' tape far to thick and hard to handle for your purposes. It is NOT made for the insulation of the size of wiring you will encounter (around 1mm2) IF you are going to attempt a (temporary) repair, 'ordinary' plastic electrical insulation tape will suffice. A word of warning.
If you have bare copper wires showing you MUST make sure they DO NOT TOUCH, at risk of fire and\or irreparable damage to your charger and possibly the macbook! Such a repair must be considered temporary. For a full repair, if the wires are showing, pulled from the plug end it is a simple matter of buying a new plug (ebay?) and having someone competent to cut the old one off, cut back the wires and solder a new plug to the lead.
If they are pulling from the power supply end, if you are lucky, the supply is held together with screws and the lead can be cut and soldered, if not you will have to buy a replacement unit (that are not as expensive as you think) (I do this kind of repair many times a month, the major cause is rough handling\stretching of the cord. You may want to try to be a bit more 'gentle' with it as you now know it is quite fragile).
Electrical tape would probably be the safest choice if you are unable to have the charger repaired by Apple (if it's under warranty this is certainly the way to go) The type of electrical tape I would suggest would be the 3Mâ„¢ Cotton Cloth Tape. This is a good choice because it is flexible and yet very durable.
I cant really gove you an answer,but what I can give you is a way to a solution, that is you have to find the anglde that you relate to or peaks your interest. A good paper is one that people get drawn into because it reaches them ln some way.As for me WW11 to me, I think of the holocaust and the effect it had on the survivors, their families and those who stood by and did nothing until it was too late.