You are not on a student tax code - no such thing. You will be on code 810L as this is your first job this tax year. You get an allowance of £8105 tax free across the year.
The allowance get spread across the year - one twelfth per month. So you have the April, May, June and July allowances to use before you pay tax. You employer calculates the allowances, pay, tax and National Insurance contributions by the week or month.
Your earning rate is above the allowance so you will use up the spare allowances and then pay 20% of earnings above the allowance. So £9000 earnings you pay 20% of £895 over the year = £180 roughly. We check the sums after the tax year ends.
Free app on hmrc.gov.uk.
The personal allowance is tax free - you don't pay tac on that. After that any earnings are taxed. You can look at the tax system as a 3 tier system, earn up to your personal tax allowance and you pay no tax on that bit, earn between that level and the upper earnings limit and you pay a certain rate of tax on that bit, and earn above the upper earnings limit and you pay the top rate of tax.
As an example and to keep the sums simple. Suppose tax allowance is £5000, and upper earnings limit is £50000 with rates of 10% and 20% If you earnt £4500 you pay no tax If you earn £17000 you pay £0 tax for £5000 worth and 10% tax on the next £12000, so £1200 If you earn £60000 you pay £0 tac for first £5000, then 10% tax for next £45000 (£4500) and then 20% tax for last £10000 (or £2000), total tax of £0 + £4500 + £2000 = £6500. The tax is often collected as 'pay as you earn', where you pay the amount of tax based on your monthly earnings (so in the middle example your payslip will say "Tax: £100" each month).
The problem here is if you start or leave a job part way through the tax year after a period of not earning enough to pay tax. The tax is calculated as if you are earning for the full year. At the end of the year you can claim a refund or your personal tax code is adjusted the next year to make you pay more or less tax You can get tax calculators online to give you an idea: http://www.thesalarycalculator.co.uk/sal... gives total tax bill for you of about £180 plis National insurance of £167.
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