What are the benefits and uses of microbes?

Benefits of microorganisms to humans: Food Microorganisms are involved in the production of food or are directly edible Examples: - Various types of yeast (a type of fungus): Used for the production of beer, bread, and cheese spirulina is a blue green algae used as SCP (single cell protein) in human beings for their protein source Health It may come as a surprise but there are several billion times more bacterial cells inside your body than there are human cells. They make up the human flora. Luckily, some live in a mutualistic relationship to you.

That is, they receive something (generally nutrients) from you, but also give something in return. The presence of bacteria also inhibits the growth of potentially pathogenic bacteria (usually through competitive exclusion) Provided the normal flora remains balanced, you are less likely to become ill with pathogenic bacteria. Everyone has small amounts of potentially pathogenic bacteria included in their normal flora.S.

Aureus and S. Pyogenes remain on the skin quite harmlessly as part of the normal flora until your immunity is depressed and the skin is broken. I do not consider E.

Coli an exception to any rule (as previously mentioned in this answer) - any type of bacteria can be harmful to someone with lowered immunity. Most strains of E. Coli are perfectly harmless and in fact protect you against the more harmful enteric pathogens as part of the normal intestinal flora Examples: - Gut bacteria: synthesize vitamins such as folic acid, vitamin K and biotin, and they ferment complex indigestible carbohydrates Biotechnology We have vastly developed or discovered direct uses for microorganisms in recent years.

Modern biotechnology is often associated with the use of genetically altered microorganisms such as E. Coli or yeast for the production of substances like synthetic insulin or antibiotics. Using the same process, a multitude of drugs are manufactured relatively cheaply, including human growth hormone, clotting factors for hemophiliacs, fertility drugs, erythropoietin and other drugs Biotechnological advances in agriculture also require the help of microorganisms.

Transgenic plants can increase yield, reduce vulnerability to environmental and pathogenic stresses, improve taste and appearance and produce novel plant substances. To create transgenic plants, a vector Agrobacterium is required to transfer genetic material into the plant host Micro-organisms also naturally have desired products or effects. These include substances that fight human pathogens, insecticidal properties, and bio-degradation properties, to name a few In fact, advances in the understanding of biological phenomena, the science of biology that facilitates medical, agricultural, and food advances, are not possible without model microorganisms including: E.

Coli B. Subtilis Phage λ, Tobacco mosaic virus, and S. Cerevisiae to name a few Medicine As humans are eukaryotes, our genome is extremely difficult to truly decode due to processes such as exon shuffling, the genetic "junk" and likely dozens of other observed aspects of our genome.

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