What does irony mean in literature?

There are essentially three kinds of irony in literature. Dramatic irony is when you, the reader, are aware of a situation or event that the character is not. An example would be If you knew that bob's wife sue was cheating on him, but he was blissfully unaware.

Another kind is situational Irony. This is when something happens beyond what you would normally expect. An example would be if john was shot The bullet didn't kill him, but he was shot with a powerful weapon, and when the bullet impacted, john was sent backwards into the path of a speeding train.

The final is verbal irony. This is when something is said by the character, but another meaning is meant. An example would be if Gary is known to be a dishonest man, and Mary made the statement, "Gary said that it would work, and he's ALWAYS been honest before, so...".

Hope this helped you out a bit!

In fiction novels, irony generally means that the ending is the opposite of what the reader has come to expect. A good story teller can play with the reader's mind, especially if he/she is familiar with reader's cultural and environmental background.

The most simple form of recognizable irony is verbal irony, which is when there is a discrepancy between what is said and what is really meant. Structural irony is the use of a character that has an absurd view of the world, separate from "true" circumstances - this is akin to dramatic irony, which is when an audience knows more about the character than the character them-self does. The fourth kind of irony is cosmic irony, when a work of literature denotes people as the dupes of a cruelly mocking fate - as when something surprising but strangely fitting occurs to a character.

Primary sources - Oxford Dictionary of Literature Terms.

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