What is the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for vitamin A?

Vitamin A was originally measured in international units (IU). In 1967, however, an FAO/WHO Expert Committee recommended that vitamin A activity be referred to in terms of retinol (vitamin A) equivalents rather than in IU, with one microgram of retinol being equivalent to one retinol equivalent (RE). The amount of beta-carotene required for one RE is six micrograms, while the amount required for other pro vitamin A carotenoids is 12 micrograms.

In 1980, The Food and Nutrition Board of the NRC/NAS adopted this recommendation. The Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for vitamin A is now stated in both micrograms and RE. For the adult male, the RDA is set at 1,000 RE (750 as retinol and 250 as beta-carotene, or 5,000 IU), while the RDA for women is lower, at 800 RE (4,000 IU).

Children need 400 to 1,000 RE (2,000 to 5,000 IU), with the dosage increasing from infancy to fourteen years. Toxicity to vitamin A has been reported in people who supplement with excessive doses (over 10,000 RE for many months) or eat six to 24 pounds per week of liver. In contrast, beta carotenes exert no toxicity.

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