What is the role of the gut in the immune system?

The gut plays a major role in immunity, and the whole purpose of the immune system is to differentiate what's you from what's not you. Every day, you introduce pounds of foreign material -- your daily bread -- into your gut. The immune system has to decide what's okay to let through and what's not, so it makes sense to headquarter that process right where the food comes in.

This powerful system gears up from day one. A newborn's gastrointestinal tract is entirely germ free, but immediately after birth, pioneering bacteria begin to colonize it. The first few years of life, everyone's gut develops a unique extended family of bacterial species, determined in part by genetics and in part by diet, hygiene, medication use, and the bacteria colonizing those around us.

Our immune system is our body's vital self-policing system. It constantly monitors our health and goes into action to thwart any potential problems. When we pick up viruses or bacteria, our immune system works to find and destroy them.

When a threat occurs from within the body -- such as when a cell becomes malignant -- the immune system works to root it out.

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