Your question is in multiple parts, so my answer will respond to each in turn, though not in the same order. Q1. Is hydrogen production infinite?
A1. Hydrogen is the most common element in the universe (about 93% of all atoms in the universe) but being so light, it can be found on Earth's surface mostly as part of compounds, the most abundant of which is water. Since the Earth's surface is mostly covered with oceans, there is a lot of water around from which hydrogen can be extracted.
This is not infinite, but there is a lot of it. Q2. Will hydrogen displace oil?
A2. There are two ways that energy can be produced using hydrogen. First, through nuclear fusion.
Second, by oxidizing hydrogen. Nuclear fusion is the process that powers most stars, including our sun, but the technology for controlled nuclear fusion producing more energy than the amount of energy put into the system has not yet been developed. If and when this technology is developed, nuclear fusion power reactors are likely to replace coal, natural gas, nuclear fission reactors, and possibly solar, wind, geothermal, etc.Too, depending on the regulatory environment.
Adding such developments as zero emission vehicles (ZEV) which can run purely on batteries, nuclear fusion power could displace oil as an energy source (though petroleum will still be needed as a base material for the plastics industry, etc. ). As far as oxidizing hydrogen, this can be by burning H2 gas, or via chemical processes such as those at the basis of fuel cell technology. This latter is more efficient than burning the gas.
- quote (auto.howstuffworks.com/fuel-efficiency/a... ) - The fuel cell will compete with many other energy conversion devices, including the gas turbine in your city's power plant, the gasoline engine in your car and the battery in your laptop. Combustion engines like the turbine and the gasoline engine burn fuels and use the pressure created by the expansion of the gases to do mechanical work. Batteries convert chemical energy back into electrical energy when needed.
Fuel cells should do both tasks more efficiently. - end quote - In the medium term, fuel cell technology may well replace gasoline for vehicle power, using ZEVs. However, it is unlikely that fuel cell technology will be able to replace fossil-fuel-based power plants, as there is not enough pure hydrogen to serve as a fuel source, and some way to generate that hydrogen will be needed, which will require a different energy source.
Thus, to power the process of supplying a fuel-cell power plant with hydrogen, one would need a power plant not based on hydrogen. Thus, the fuel-cell power plant is not a useful concept for most purposes. Q3.
What is your vision of a hydrogen based economy? A3. For a true hydrogen-based economy we must solve the technological puzzle of commercially-viable controlled nuclear fusion.
With that resolved, we can power nearly our entire civilization, even at a much higher per-capita global power use than currently. Without that, we are stuck with fossil fuels with a minor (no more than 10% - 20%) contribution from renewable sources such as solar, wind, geothermal, etc. Q4. How will hydrogen end war?
A4. It will not. War is unfortunately the result of certain governments and non-state actors (e.g. Taliban, Al-Qaida, etc. ) wishing to impose their own world-view on people who do not share it and have no desire to, and/or populist leaders who are incapable of properly managing their own country's economy, and to divert the masses, wage war on some neighboring country.
Another cause for war is nationalist sentiments giving rise to the desire of some groups to break free from the government of the country/ies they live in (e.g. Kurds, Basq, Palestinians, etc. ). Since there will likely continue to be governments, leaders, and nationalistic sentiments like that even if energy became nearly free, even a true hydrogen-based economy will not do away with war. Q5.
Is war a distraction not a solution? A5. War is not a distraction, nor a solution.
War is what happens when people on a large scale want something that others do not wish to let them have, and the two sides are willing to resort to violent means to achieve their goals. This is so regardless whether one side is justified, or the other, or both (each in their own eyes, or objectively speaking). Q6.
How will ubiquitous energy supply transform peace and prosperity? A6. Prosperity will certainly become much more widespread once energy is plentiful, as a great deal of productivity will be unleashed which is currently spent on generating expensive and ecologically damaging energy.
With increased prosperity, there will be more people with more to lose, and as a result, war is likely to decline, though as stated above, it is not likely to disappear altogether.
End quote - In the medium term, fuel cell technology may well replace gasoline for vehicle power, using ZEVs. However, it is unlikely that fuel cell technology will be able to replace fossil-fuel-based power plants, as there is not enough pure hydrogen to serve as a fuel source, and some way to generate that hydrogen will be needed, which will require a different energy source. Thus, to power the process of supplying a fuel-cell power plant with hydrogen, one would need a power plant not based on hydrogen.
Thus, the fuel-cell power plant is not a useful concept for most purposes. What is your vision of a hydrogen based economy? For a true hydrogen-based economy we must solve the technological puzzle of commercially-viable controlled nuclear fusion.
With that resolved, we can power nearly our entire civilization, even at a much higher per-capita global power use than currently. Without that, we are stuck with fossil fuels with a minor (no more than 10% - 20%) contribution from renewable sources such as solar, wind, geothermal, etc. Q4. How will hydrogen end war?
It will not. War is unfortunately the result of certain governments and non-state actors (e.g. Taliban, Al-Qaida, Hizbullah, etc.) wishing to impose their own world-view on people who do not share it and have no desire to, and/or populist leaders who are incapable of properly managing their own country's economy, and to divert the masses, wage war on some neighboring country. Another cause for war is nationalist sentiments giving rise to the desire of some groups to break free from the government of the country/ies they live in (e.g. Kurds, Basq, Palestinians, etc.).
Since there will likely continue to be governments, leaders, and nationalistic sentiments like that even if energy became nearly free, even a true hydrogen-based economy will not do away with war. Is war a distraction not a solution? War is not a distraction, nor a solution.
War is what happens when people on a large scale want something that others do not wish to let them have, and the two sides are willing to resort to violent means to achieve their goals. This is so regardless whether one side is justified, or the other, or both (each in their own eyes, or objectively speaking). How will ubiquitous energy supply transform peace and prosperity?
Prosperity will certainly become much more widespread once energy is plentiful, as a great deal of productivity will be unleashed which is currently spent on generating expensive and ecologically damaging energy. With increased prosperity, there will be more people with more to lose, and as a result, war is likely to decline, though as stated above, it is not likely to disappear altogether. Your question is in multiple parts, so my answer will respond to each in turn, though not in the same order.
Is hydrogen production infinite? Hydrogen is the most common element in the universe (about 93% of all atoms in the universe) but being so light, it can be found on Earth's surface mostly as part of compounds, the most abundant of which is water. Since the Earth's surface is mostly covered with oceans, there is a lot of water around from which hydrogen can be extracted.
This is not infinite, but there is a lot of it. Will hydrogen displace oil? There are two ways that energy can be produced using hydrogen.
First, through nuclear fusion. Second, by oxidizing hydrogen. Nuclear fusion is the process that powers most stars, including our sun, but the technology for controlled nuclear fusion producing more energy than the amount of energy put into the system has not yet been developed.
If and when this technology is developed, nuclear fusion power reactors are likely to replace coal, natural gas, nuclear fission reactors, and possibly solar, wind, geothermal, etc. too, depending on the regulatory environment. Adding such developments as zero emission vehicles (ZEV) which can run purely on batteries, nuclear fusion power could displace oil as an energy source (though petroleum will still be needed as a base material for the plastics industry, etc.). As far as oxidizing hydrogen, this can be by burning H2 gas, or via chemical processes such as those at the basis of fuel cell technology.
This latter is more efficient than burning the gas. The fuel cell will compete with many other energy conversion devices, including the gas turbine in your city's power plant, the gasoline engine in your car and the battery in your laptop. Combustion engines like the turbine and the gasoline engine burn fuels and use the pressure created by the expansion of the gases to do mechanical work.
I cant really gove you an answer,but what I can give you is a way to a solution, that is you have to find the anglde that you relate to or peaks your interest. A good paper is one that people get drawn into because it reaches them ln some way.As for me WW11 to me, I think of the holocaust and the effect it had on the survivors, their families and those who stood by and did nothing until it was too late.