What muscles control the hip and knee joints?

Central to our understanding of hip and knee pain is the pelvis and the muscles that attach to it. These muscles control the hip and knee joints. I like to think of the pelvis as three bones: the sacrum and two ilia.

Each ilium houses the hip socket where the thigh bone (femur) attaches to form the hip joint. The ilia also form a joint with the sacrum called the SI joint (ā€œSā€ for sacrum and ā€œIā€ for ilium). An array of hip muscles work in concert not only to stabilize the pelvis and move the leg but also to correctly track the head of the femur in the hip socket and control rotation at the knee.

Most problems I see involve weak or poorly timed gluteal muscles (the gluteus maximus and gluteus medius) together with overly tight muscles in the front of the pelvis and poor movement habits reinforcing these issues.

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