What's the difference between pre-diabetes and diabetes?

Pre-diabetes means your blood sugar levels are higher than normal, yet not high enough to be categorized as type 2 diabetes. It is also an early warning that preventive measures like weight loss and regular exercise need to be implemented or else diabetes and its potential complications (heart, circulatory, kidney and eye problems, a nerve disorder known as neuropathy, and others) may occur. Abnormal build-up of glucose Pre-diabetes and type 2 are similar in that both are known for an abnormal build-up of glucose in the bloodstream.

However, different degrees of build-up are present for type 2. The following blood tests, alone or in combination, can be used for diagnosis: A fasting plasma glucose (FPG) or fasting blood sugar test. This test measures glucose levels after an overnight fast of eight hours.

A result of 70–100 mg/dl is considered normal. Levels above 100 and up to 125 mg/dl indicate impaired fasting glucose, or pre-diabetes. If levels are 126 mg/dl and above on two separate testing dates, the diagnosis would be diabetes.

An oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). This test goes one step beyond an overnight or eight hour fast. In addition to checking fasting plasma glucose, a second blood test is tested two hours after drinking a specially formulated sugar solution.

If the two-hour result is less than 140 mg/dl it is considered normal. For levels that range from 140 to 199 mg/dl, impaired glucose tolerance and pre-diabetes are indicated. Any value of 200 mg/dl or above suggests the diagnosis of diabetes.

Random blood sugar (RBS). For this test, a blood sample is taken at random and not related to the timing of the last meal or drink. A result of 200 mg/dl or greater may suggest diabetes.

Type 2 diabetes is also known for its "insulin resistance." This impacts the body's ability to properly utilize the hormone insulin, making it difficult to move the circulating glucose out of the bloodstream and into the cells for our energy needs. As a result, glucose levels rise to abnormally high levels.

And, if left unchecked and untreated, there is a high likelihood for this disease to eventually cause symptoms like frequent urination, blurred vision, unexplained fatigue, slow healing wounds, or increased thirst and hunger, and thus would be harmful to your health. Risk factors While anyone is at risk for pre-diabetes or type 2, there are factors that increase the likelihood for one of these conditions to occur. For some, an early warning sign may arrive in the form of a slightly elevated blood sugar level.

For others, the onset of type 2 diabetes may occur along with its related health concerns. Either way, the risk factors are essentially the same and include the following: Older age—those age 45 and above (especially if overweight) Overweight—body mass index greater than 25 (especially if inactive) Metabolic syndrome—three of the following: waist larger than 40 inches for men or 35 inches for women; triglycerides greater than 150; HDL cholesterol lower than 40 in men or 50 in women; high blood pressure or fasting blood glucose greater than 110 mg/dl).

The American Diabetes association defines "pre diabetes" as having higher than normal glucose readings, but not high enough to warrant a diabetes diagnosis. The site also goes on to say that people with "pre-diabetes" have an inherently higher risk of developing diabetes in the future. Read more about it here: http://www.diabetes.org/diabetes-basics/prevention/pre-diabetes/ or,in other words, I absolutely disagree with the nutritionist who said not to worry because it is in fact a warning sign which, if you ignore, can(and probably will) lead to developing diabetes.

Diabetes is a disease that can be controlled by managing weight, eating properly and exercising. Pre-diabetes is an indication that you should do all of those things. There is plenty you can do now to control whether or not you develop the disease later.

But also remember that even if you do all the right things (even WHEN you have diabetes) sometimes the condition has a mind of its own. So learn all you can now, eat right and stay healthy with a good lifestyle. It's your best defense.

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