I'm sure it is less a question of what and more an issue of how and why. In moderation, any of these can be beneficial but abused, any can be very harmful. If you just take such an opioid only as prescribed it will be short term and you'll probably not suffer any long term effects.
Alcohol, because of its availability is more likely to be abused and thus has more potential to cause harm.
I'm looking for more of an intellectual/scientific/biochemical answer if anyone out there has those types of insights.
I cant really gove you an answer,but what I can give you is a way to a solution, that is you have to find the anglde that you relate to or peaks your interest. A good paper is one that people get drawn into because it reaches them ln some way.As for me WW11 to me, I think of the holocaust and the effect it had on the survivors, their families and those who stood by and did nothing until it was too late.