Where can I find public sources of information on methods for producing an immunoglobulin?

Raymond, Published academic articles about medical research sponsored or conducted with public funds must be made publicly available in the U.S. Your best starting point is with the National Institutes of Health. nih.gov/ In particular, visit the Research page at nih.gov/science/index. Html You will find a corresponding free public resource if you visit a public (state funded) university in your area.

I will describe this as it works here in Texas, and while your local university might not be exactly the same, you should be able to visit any library online and find out what resources are available to you there as a visitor. Where I live and work, since we are a state university funded by tax dollars, ours is considered a public library. We don't have as much of the popular reading and general interest materials, so this is a library someone is more likely to visit if they are doing research.(For example, a lot of high school students come to our library to do their advanced research paper assignments.) There are several ways to use or even check out our materials for visitors who aren't part of the campus community.

A few of our databases may still be restricted to university users only due to contract restrictions with publishers (in which case we must log on as a member of the university community) but I think there is even a workaround for that now, in that we offer a temporary password for the day when visitors actually come to the library to use our computers. Because our library computers are often all in use, I would suggest you bring your own laptop and log on using our wireless access. Many universities now maintain digital repositories for research performed by members of their campus community.

This entails reserving rights and using something like the Creative Commons license when works are published so the home institution can use its own research in teaching and to share with the home community without having to pay a fee to a commercial publisher (EBSCO, JSTOR, ProQuest, etc. ) for reprint rights for student course packs. Put simply, if you Google a subject and land on a commercial publisher you might have to pay a fee to read an article online, but if you visit a library they may subscribe to the journal and you can read it on campus for free. Academic authors are beginning to publish through institutional repositories at their universities, and when they do, those libraries usually let you read those articles for free (in person or online).

To find institutions that have repositories, visit the Scholarly Publishing and Academic Resources Coalition (SPARC) at http://www.arl.org/sparc/.You might also narrow your search for research universities and their libraries by visiting the Association of College and Research Libraries (ACRL), part of the American Library Association. http://www.acrl.org/ala/mgrps/divs/acrl/index.cfm.

The most detailed source for immunoglobulin production in the laboratory I've found is at the following resource - who.int/entity/rabies/vaccines/en/Labora... The paper explains how to use cold ethanol fractionation to separate Ig from blood plasma in humans. The paper uses this technique for rabies research however the fractionation technique would work for any type of blood you are using ( you do not state what type of Ig you are needing ) WHO has the most information I've found that is not patented. I discovered a bit about the rabies vaccine at this link and used their references to find the cold ethanol technique who.int/rabies/vaccines/other_rabies_bio... However, if you wish to follow up on those patents you can check out these links WO/1999/030700) IMMUNOGLOBULIN-RICH MILK, PRODUCTION AND USE THEREOF - wipo.int/pctdb/en/wo.jsp?IA=SE1998002069... (WO/2002/102855) IN VITRO METHODS OF PRODUCING AND IDENTIFYING IMMUNOGLOBULIN MOLECULES IN EUKARYOTIC CELLS - wipo.int/pctdb/en/wo.jsp?wo=2002102855 In most cases I've found the labs are either buying the cell line to grow invitro and produce Ig or buying the Ig from places like this one - https://equitech-bio.com/IgG.html?gclid=CIKa6I2q... I hope you get a more detailed answer but I'm afraid much of this ( laboratory technique ) is proprietory information and not in the public domain.

Online resources are countless, use the most effective one , Google the keywords you will get the right answer, if you are not sure, you can use Q&A consulting your friends. For example you want buy nike shoes online , you could enter nike shoes or more specific word nike air max shoes, on Google , and the results you get is the information you want, perhaps you will see a site nikelink.com then perhaps that`s the site you want.

You can find public sources of information on methods for producing an immunoglobulin at freepatentsonline.com. One of the methods described is the forming of immunoglobulin by recombinant techniques using suitable host cell cultures. -quote- "The invention relates to processes for producing an immunoglobulin or an immunologically functional immunoglobulin fragment containing at least the variable domains of the immunoglobulin heavy and light chains.

The processes can use one or more vectors which produce both the heavy and light chains or fragments thereof in a single cell. The invention also relates to the vectors used to produce the immunoglobulin or fragment, and to cells transformed with the vectors. " -end of quote.

Here are two sites that I found most helpful in this regard. Although not detailed, but it chalks out the basic method for production of immunoglobulin. Here are they; freepatentsonline.com/5190752.html freepatentsonline.com/EP1709077.html Below are some more sites that you may find helpful.

Actually, nothing is given in much details due to patent restrictions. freepatentsonline.com/6331415.html faqs.org/patents/app/20080305516 patentstorm.us/patents/6303341.html who.int/entity/rabies/vaccines/en/Labora... sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/167/... who.int/rabies/vaccines/other_rabies_bio... cehs.siu.edu/fix/medmicro/igs.htm freepatentsonline.com/5190752.html0 freepatentsonline.com/5190752.html1 http://www.wipo.int/pctdb/en/wo.jsp?IA=SE1998002069&KEY=99%2F30700.990624%26ELEMENT_SET%3DDECL&DISPLAY=DESC https://www.equitech-bio.com/IgG.html?gclid=CIKa6I2qr58CFQYwpAodmXiCbQ Hope they help. Thanks.

You can find more information about immunoglobulin production at these links: ----quote---- The production of immunoglobulins by B-cells or plasma cells occurs in different stages. During differentiation of the B-cells from precursor stem cells, rearrangement, recombination and mutation of the immunoglobulin V, D, and J regions occurs to produce functional VJ (light chain) and VDJ (heavy chain) genes. At this point, the antigen specificity of the mature B-cell has been determined.

Each cell can make only one heavy chain and one light chain, although the isotype of the heavy chain may change. Initially, a mature B-cell will produce primarily IgD (and some membrane IgM) that will migrate to the cell surface to act as the antigen receptor. Upon stimulation by antigen, the B-cell will differentiate into a plasma cell expressing large amounts of secreted IgM.

-----end of quote---- source: cehs.siu.edu/fix/medmicro/igs.htm" rel="nofollow">cehs.siu.edu/fix/medmicro/igs.htm source: cehs.siu.edu/fix/medmicro/igs.htm" rel="nofollow">cehs.siu.edu/fix/medmicro/igs.htm ----quote---- We have demonstrated that the peripheral blood lymphocytes of normal humans show an increased production of immunoglobulins in vitro after non-specific stimulation by phytohaemagglutinin (PHA). The methods used include immunofluorescence and immune co-precipitation. -----end of quote---- source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1578853/ ---quote--- Immunoglobulin production was studied in established lines of normal human lymphocytes.

Three lines which produced both immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin M were cloned. Among the 25 immunoglobulin-producing clones, 23 produced both classes of immunoglobulins. These findings suggest that the phenomenon of genic exclusion does not hold for immunoglobulin production in lymphocytoid cells in culture.

----end of quote--- source: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/172/3981/382 -----quote--- Tissue culture lines of mouse myeloma cells have been used to study the somatic cell genetics of immunoglobulin production. Assays have been developed to identify and quantify mutants that have undergone changes in either the synthesis or structure of the immunoglobulin molecule. All of the classical types of mutants have been identified.

What is unusual is that these mutants arise at a very high frequency. This genetic instability seems to be restricted to immunoglobulin genes. The fusion of mutant and wild-type cells allows the study of interaction of genes and gene products.

----end of quote--- source: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6WCF-4DKVC81-HB&_user=10&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_searchStrId=1175325198&_rerunOrigin=google&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=32762feb0b809f2d7859733c4567b1e8 ----quote--- The effects of oral administration of ovalbumin (OVA) on intestinal immunoglobulin production was examined. Balbecause mice, bred and reared on an OVA-free diet, received either one dose or 14 consecutive daily intragastric doses of 25 mg OVA/dose. ---end of quote---- source:http://content.karger.com/ProdukteDB/produkte.asp?Doi=236165 ---quote--- Production of a monoclonal immunoglobulin/paraprotein (PP) by lymphoma cells is a well-known phenomenon associated with various types of B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas ----end of quote--- source: http://clincancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/10/21/7179.full ---quote--- Production of immunoglobulins or immunoglobulin-like substances in cell culture lines of human leukemia and lymphoma has been demonstrated by radioiodine labeled antibody, fluorescent antibody and immunodiffusion techniques.

----end of quote--- source: http://www.jimmunol.org/cgi/content/abstract/97/5/634.

There are a few techniques you can try. You can search PubMed Central: ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/ This is the National Institute of Health's free repository for medical/life science journal articles. I wouldn't start here (it can be a bit of a pain to search, and what results they have are probably more specific than what you're looking for at the moment).

If you're familiar with MeSH (Medical Subject Headings), it will probably be easier to find what you're looking for. If not, don't worry. Try using whatever terms you like.

If you aren't getting the results you want, you can always check terms by changing the database from PubMed to MeSH and searching some of the terms you've been trying to use. If you find yourself in PubMed instead of PubMed central, just look to the right side of your search results and click where it says "free full text" to make all the "abstract only" articles go away. You can also check the "recent history" box for a link back to your previous search.

PubMed will give you some articles like this one: ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC141013/? Tool=pmcentrez Which is, technically, a description of one way to produce immunoglobins, but might not be the sort of article you had in mind. This is about on par for what you'll probably see in PubMed, but you may find some more general texts if you look long enough.

For more accessible/readable articles, I'd try Google Scholar. It will bring up a lot more "review" articles, as well as books, patents and things of that nature. It's more of a one-stop shop for (at least nominally) scholarly works.

Most things that come up will have undergone peer review, but not all. Generally, I think you'll be okay trusting that the people writing on this topic have actually done research. It's rare that I'll tell someone that, but for a fact-finding mission (as opposed to writing an academic paper or something), most of the sources you find on Google Scholar for a topic like this will be reasonably trustworthy.

You can narrow your results in the advanced search if you find you don't want certain types of results, or only want things from certain dates, etc. Just look at the articles that have "PDF" or "HTML" links to the right of them--you should be able to access those for free. I went ahead and collected a few links for you (most of which deal with the production of human antibodies using bacteria, fungi, yeasts, animals, or transgenic animals and plants). They start out fairly general, and get more specific as they go.

Generation and production of engineered antibodies SM Kipriyanov, F Le Gall - Molecular biotechnology, 2004 http://medicine.tums.ac.ir/fa/Users/Javad_TavakoliBazzaz/Advanced%20Genetic%20Engineering,%20PhD/Generation%20and%20Production%20of%20Engineered%20Antibodies.pdf Review article, more detailed information about antibody production. Antibody production J.R.Birch, A.J. Rocher Advanced drug delivery reviews 58(2006), p.671-685 http://blog.lib.umn.edu/shah0211/neha/review-MAb%20production.pdf Review article, mostly discusses technology for creating monoclonal antibodies, particularly using mammalian cell culture Potent antibody therapeutics by design Paul J. Carter Nature Reviews: Immunology Vol.

6, May, 2006, p. 343-357 http://www.med.unibs.it/~presta/didattica/biotech/2008/literature/carter.pdf Describes major methods of producing antibodies, qualities that can be "tuned" for better therapeutic value. Engineered antibodies Peter J.

Hudson & Christelle Souriau Nature Medicine, Vol. 9, No.1 (Jan.2003) http://uregina.ca/suhdaey/courses/04%20Bioc491/reading/R29-1.pdf Production systems for recombinant antibodies Thomas Schirrmann, Laila Al-Halabi, Stefan Dübel, Michael Hust Frontiers in bioscience, 4576-4594, May 1, 2008 http://rzv054.rz.tu-bs.de/Biotech/mhust/MHust25.pdf Discusses species used, what they produced, etc. Overviews of positives and negatives of each host. The production of recombinant pharmaceutical proteins in plants Julian K-C.

Ma, Pascal M.W.Drake & Paul Christou Nature Reviews Genetics 4, 794-805 (October 2003) http://posterous.com/getfile/files.posterous.com/astriddita/aYuboMtSLy2oXo6OF0cK2nxYliJtqTgx6aU7WtkFGUO3PVkf1IWR0Nadc6lb/NRG_2004.pdf Molecular farming of antibodies in plants Stefan Schillberg, Rainer Fisher, Neil Emans Naturwissenschaften (2003) 90:145-155. http://www.fysa.ucl.ac.be/teaching/courses/NutritionalGenomics/BioPharming-2.pdf Describes issues and history of production using transgenic plants. Human antibodies from transgenic animals N Lonberg - Nature biotechnology, 2005 ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/0 Review article.

Discusses the use of transgenic mice with human immunoglobulin genes. Antibody production by the gram-positive bacterium Bacillus Megaterium Eva Jordan et al. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/1 http://www.microbialcellfactories.com/content/6/1/2 Describes the procedure for producing small recombinant antibody fragments with iBacillus megaterium /i The production of antibody fragments and antibody fusion proteins by yeasts and filamentous fungi Vivi Joosten et al.

Microbial cell factories, Jan.30, 2003 http://www.biomedcentral.com/content/pdf/1475-2859-2-1.pdf Covers antibody creation in general, more detailed coverage of production using yeast or filamentous fungi. Characterization of Humanized Antibodies Secreted by Aspergillus niger Michael Ward, et al. Appl Environ Microbiol.2004 May; 70(5): 2567–2576.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC404402/ Looks at production of certain antibodies using iAspergillus niger/i. Another one from PubMed, written by scientists, very obviously for scientists, but they do cover their method well. http://rzv054.rz.tu-bs.de/Biotech/mhust/MHust33.pdf A more detailed discussion of Phage display.

You can find several links at scholar.google.com/scholar?q=immunoglobu... These might also be helpful jbc.org/content/270/43/25426.full researchcrossroads.org/index.php?view=ar... www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/1134... Best of luck in your search.

Depending on what you specifically want to know of the methods, I have found some useful information on UCLA's website techtransfer.universityofcalifornia.edu/... and at OHSU in their library. If you want it online I also found information although brief on the Journal of American Medical Association: jama.ama-assn.org The National Vaccinations Information Center also has information on the production of immunoglobins. They are a non-profit organization that has been around for over 20 years.

They are very particular about the research. Check out: nvic.org.

Here are few helpful sites I've found for you! cehs.siu.edu/fix/medmicro/igs.htm herzenberg.stanford.edu/Publications/Rep....

You're going to have to provide more details as to what type of antibody you want to use and what application you have in mind. Research lab routinely have antibodies generated against proteins of interest. They commonly use rabbits or guinea pigs to generate the antisera.

You can also have a hybridoma cell line generated for virtually limitless supply of one kind of antibody. Like I said, without knowing what you intend to do with it, it's hard to give a concrete answer.

You can find public sources of information on methods for producing an immunoglobulin at freepatentsonline.com. One of the methods described is the forming of immunoglobulin by recombinant techniques using suitable host cell cultures. "The invention relates to processes for producing an immunoglobulin or an immunologically functional immunoglobulin fragment containing at least the variable domains of the immunoglobulin heavy and light chains.

The processes can use one or more vectors which produce both the heavy and light chains or fragments thereof in a single cell. The invention also relates to the vectors used to produce the immunoglobulin or fragment, and to cells transformed with the vectors. " HOPE THIS HELPS!

I don´t know about a public source of information, but you seem to be looking for improved immune system. Our immune system is determined by our energy level, how lively we are and how good energy circulation we have. When we have more energy, we also are stronger and more resistant to negative influences such as unwelcome bacteria as well as viruses.

We get energy when we eat, sleep and breathe, but often not enough to allow us to maintain permanent good health, be creative, successful and happy, the latter being a tall order for most! To get more energy and be more healthy we need to do something, we don´t normally do. One thing is to take some time to relax, get comfortable and stop thinking and worrying and don´t do anything.

Its challenging, crazy but do-able and it works. I have been training those natural techniques for 10 years and have not had a cold or flue since, and no vaccines of course. Nature has the answer, so we need to find out how nature works, what are its laws.

I cant really gove you an answer,but what I can give you is a way to a solution, that is you have to find the anglde that you relate to or peaks your interest. A good paper is one that people get drawn into because it reaches them ln some way.As for me WW11 to me, I think of the holocaust and the effect it had on the survivors, their families and those who stood by and did nothing until it was too late.