Sticklebacks are a fish with 3 - 4 year life span, but up to 8 years in one lake in Canada called Rheimchen Lake. They are also found in some lakes in Scotland (Giles and Huntingord) and Japan Nori and Takamura.
The tit-for-tat cooperation strategy has been shown to be evident in sticklebacks. In addition, the size of a stickleback's partner fish may also be a factor in determining what a stickleback will do when both fish are faced with a predator. Two sticklebacks simultaneously presented to a rainbow trout, a predator much larger in size, will have differing risks of being attacked.
Usually, the larger of the two sticklebacks has a higher risk of being attacked. 27 Individual sticklebacks are more likely to move closer to a trout (or some other predator) when a larger potential partner moves close to the trout than when a smaller partner approaches the trout. 27 Although both large and small partners behave similarly, a small partner's behavior affects the strategy of the test fish more than that of the large partner.
27 Regardless of whether it is alone or with a partner that cooperates, a larger fish will approach a predator more closely than does a smaller fish.
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