Why are climates near the pole different from climates near the equator?

Imagine you are shining a torch on a globe, the top and the bottom would get the least light from the torch. The sun is like a torch for Earth, but the sun is much bigger than a torch shining on a much bigger ball. The sun's rays shine much more strongly in the middle of the Earth and much more weakly in the poles.

The sun's rays create heat, and rays that are shining strongly create more heat. When I say this, you will be guessing that the equator is the hottest part of the Earth. Well actually it's not the hottest because of the Earth's tilt.

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