Why are numpy arrays so fast?

Numpy arrays are densely packed; they are just contiguous arrays of homogeneous type. Python lists, by contrast, are arrays of pointers to objects, even when all of them are of the same type. So, you get the benefits of locality of reference .

Numpy arrays are specialized data structures. This means you don't only get the benefits of an efficient in-memory representation, but efficient specialized implementations as well.

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