Why does the sun lighten our hair but darken our skin?

Sunlight is like nature's bleach. Leave a shirt outside and it will fade as if you dipped it in bleach. Of course, it takes longer with the sun.

The sun even kills germs like bleach does. If you have something that is germ infested, like a mattress or dog bed, leave it outside in the sun for a few days and you can rest assured the germs will be killed as if you washed it with bleach. So, what happens when we "bleach" our hair?

It becomes lighter. On the other hand, our skin is alive and anytime our body feels it is being damaged in any way it takes measures to prevent that damage. When we sit out in the sun, the sun is actually "cooking" us, for lack of a less graphic term.

The body then takes measures to increase the amount of melanin in our skin to prevent this damage.

Skin cells are alive, but hair cells are dead. A suntan develops when the skin is exposed to ultraviolet light. Chemical changes (oxidation) in the skin cells darken the melanin already present and stimulate the production of even more melanin in an attempt to protect the skin from further damage.

Continued ultraviolet exposure causes further damage, including destruction of melanin, but the melanin can be replaced as long as the cell hasn't been seriously damaged. Melanin is also present in hair, and it too undergoes oxidation under ultraviolet light. However, destruction of melanin is permanent in dead cells, and so the hair becomes lighter in color with prolonged exposure to sunlight.

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