Why is an ozone hole formed only above Antarctica and not over developed countries that emit a lot of CFCs?

There is an ozone hole over the pole that is currently experiencing winter. Always. Both the North Pole and the South Pole (Antarctica) develop a hole.

Ozone is unstable and decays back to oxygen in just a few days. UV-C from the Sun makes new ozone from oxygen, and when its winter at the poles... no sunlight, no new ozone gets made. It can only diffuse from adjacent areas... and they aren't getting much direct UV-C either There is an ozone hole that forms over the Arctic during winter at the North pole, but it is smaller.

Primarily, this is due to the Earth's magnetic field, which directs electrons to the North pole, and positive ions to the south pole. Many of these positive ions are bare hydrogen nuclei, which oxidize to water vapor, which both blocks one path of ozone production (via temporary, unstable storage of an oxygen atom on an otherwise neutral nitrogen atom N 2 O*, making stable NOx) and by providing another ozone decay path (via formation of H 2 O 2 ). This effect is much stronger at the South pole The overall thinning of the entire ozone layer is the problem that CFCs (and other contaminants) cause, and yes they do tend to make the ozone hole larger.

But it is solar irradiation at / near the poles that puts all surface life at risk, no matter the location Antarctica is surrounded by oceans on all sides. Its unique geographic location causes the clouds in the stratosphere to be really cold. The coldness causes the formation of polar stratospheric clouds which provide an ideal surface for production of ozone depleting chlorine compounds.

These polar stratospheric clouds are relatively lesser in the Arctic In Antarctica, during winter,a special type of cloud called polar stratospheric cloud is formed (psc 1 & psc 2), which regenerate the free radicals responsible for ozone layer depletion. This results in an accelerated destruction of ozone layer in Antarctic region compared to other parts. In addition to this a pattern of wind called vortex ' wind prevents ozone from other parts to occupy the depleted section, this makes it appear as hole in the ozone layer during winter and disappear later as climate changes There is a hole in the ozone layer above Antarctica, when it is winter at that pole Currently (2009mar06) there is no ozone hole over any continent, including Antarctica. It "healed" by mid December 2008, as it does every year There is an ozone hole that forms in any air that is not bombarded by UV-C from the Sun.

Ozone decays with time, and each pole spends a good bit of time without receiving any UV-C during its winter. So both poles only have what ozone is diffused from lower latitudes after just a few days The Antarctic ozone hole is larger than the Arctic ozone hole, because Earth's magnetic field directs more positively charged solar wind particles to Earth's south pole. These are largely hydrogen, hydrogen oxidizes to water vapor, and water vapor both destroys ozone, and blocks one path of ozone production (not really important when UV-C is not available to make ozone anyway) The air within various strata (elevations) mixes pretty well "horizontally".

So areas that make ozone diffuse some of that ozone into regions that don't... horizontally. In winter at the South pole, the only ozone is ozone that diffuses from areas closer to the equator... areas that still get UV-C that can make ozone. In other seasons, the south pole gets UV-C directly from the Sun Antartica is not a country.

The North pole also gets a hole in winter at the north pole, it is just not as large as the hole at the south pole The hole at the south pole is larger because the Earth's magnetic field directs charged particles from the solar wind. Electrons go to the north pole, and positive ions largely go the south pole. Most of the positive ions are hydrogen nucelii, hydrogen oxidizes to water vapor, and water vapor both destroys ozone and blocks one non-trivial pathway of ozone formation.

Ozone also spontaneously decays with time The pole with winter receives little or no UV-C from the Sun to shatter oxygen molecules which eventually make some ozone. So the concentration of ozone at the pole currently experiencing winter is just having some diffuse from areas that are getting UV-C The equator has no thinning at any time due to the consistent sun reaching the layer. The largest hole known to have occurred was in 1858, the same year that the largest known solar flares occurred.

The holes were repaired then by the next year, as they are every year.

The "hole" over each pole only occurs during winter months because the issue has to do with a lack of sunlight, and not really an issue with CFC's. CFC's are possibly adding to the issue, but the issue itself has been there for hundreds of years Ozone is constantly decaying into oxygen. The sun is needed to break down oxygen into ozone.

When the sun disappears each winter, there is no new ozone. Thus we have an thinning. This is also why the "hole" disappears within a few weeks of the sun's return CFC's are much heavier than air, so significant amounts of this chemical getting high enough into our atmosphere to make a noticeable issue is difficult to understand.

I cant really gove you an answer,but what I can give you is a way to a solution, that is you have to find the anglde that you relate to or peaks your interest. A good paper is one that people get drawn into because it reaches them ln some way.As for me WW11 to me, I think of the holocaust and the effect it had on the survivors, their families and those who stood by and did nothing until it was too late.