Why is H2O a liquid but CO2 a gas?

Strong intermolecular forces exist between the δ- oxygen atom in one water molecule and δ+ hydrogen atom in a neighbouring water molecule. This is called hydrogen bonding and is the strongest type of intermolecular force. Hydrogen bonding only occurs between a δ+ hydrogen atom and a δ- fluorine, oxygen and nitrogen atom hence HF, NH3 and H20 all exhibit hydrogen bonding and their bp's/mp's are far higher than expected in comparison to the other hydrides of their groups (restricted to Van der Waals, which increases with the number of electrons in a molecule).

The greater the intermolecular forces, the more energy is required to overcome the bonds for the molecules to become liquids or gases. There is no hydrogen bonding in CO2. This has nothing to do with molecular mass.

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