Does passing an empty range (identical iterators) to an STL algorithm result in defined behavior?

Although I don't believe it's specifically forbidden in the standard, I would say no. The standard requires that iterator ranges be of type first, last) which includes first and everything up to but not including last. Passing in the same value for first and last doesn't make logical sense with this definition as it would be both included and not included, so I would expect to get undefined behavior back.

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