How did they build the underwater tunnel for the eurostar?

Very briefly: They had machines based on a design invented by Marc Isambard Brunel, the father of Isambard Kingdom Brunel, when he was supervising the construction of the Rotherhithe Tunnel under the Thames around 180 years ago. The tunnelling face and those working on it are protected by a massive steel shield, which slowly advances as the tunnel progresses, with each stage of the tunnel immediately behind it being lined with sections of reinforced concrete. The machine is also linked to a conveyor belt system for removing the waste.

The English and French sides each had one of these machines borrowing inwards so as to meet in the middle: the French called theirs 'Diplodocus'. As the tunnels reached further and further under the sea, temporary rail lines and roads were laid to supply the workers at the tunnelling face and carry away the waste. The tunnelling machines were kept on course by a laser which was aimed in the direction the tunnel was to go and could detect even the ... more.

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