How does a battery charger charge a battery?

In order to understand how a battery charger charges a battery, let's touch on some basics and then crush the question with an answer A battery is basically a storage device that stores electrical potential energy. This commonly takes the form of chemical energy, which the battery converts to electrical energy on demand. The battery has a positive terminal and a negative one, and the potential difference between these terminals will cause electron current to flow when a current path is connected across them.(Consider that the chemical reactions want to occur, but cannot because there is no complete external circuit.) Chemical reactions in the battery will create the electromotive force (voltage), and the rate at which the chemical reactions take place will determine the amount of current that the battery can deliver.

The battery is a DC (direct current) device as it produces unidirectional current flow A charger is a device that produces a DC voltage. We usually think of this device as being plugged into an AC source (like a wall outlet). The voltage it produces is slightly higher than that of the battery it is designed to charge.

All we need to do is hook the charger up to the battery and the battery charges The negative terminal of the charger is connected to the negative terminal of the battery. The positive terminals of both devices are likewise connected together. The battery will try to "force" current to flow through the charger, but the charger, because of its greater voltage, will force current to flow back through the battery.

In the case of a vehicle battery, that lead-acid battery that we are probably familiar with, the greater electrical potential difference of the charger causes "reverse" current in the battery The chemical reactions in a battery that cause it to create current flow are reversed when the battery is charging. The electrical energy of the charger is converted into chemical energy in the battery, and this charges the battery to bring it "back to life" and make it useful.By forcing current to flow "backward" in the battery, the charger can put chemical energy back into the battery by creating the chemicals that were "used up" when the battery was discharging. There are a number of different chemical cells, and the chemical reactions are different, but the underlying principle is the same when we talk about batteries and chargers In closing, it is probably a good idea to suggest that there are different chargers for different batteries.

Mixing chargers is probably not a good idea. A charger that has too high a voltage above that of a battery that needs charging may charge that battery too quickly and damage it. An explosion or fire is even possible.

In addition, we are seeing many "smart" circuits that monitor the rate at which a battery is being charged so that optimal results are being obtained. This is particularly true of contemporary devices like cell phones, laptops and other sophisticated electronic equipment.

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