Why does a 3 pin plug have 3 pins?
Standard US 120V plugs have a pin for hot, neutral, and ground. Hot is the main feed for the electricity. Neutral is the return wire for the electricity.
Neutral is the wider blade on a polarized plug. Neutral is a safety wire. It is designed to be at the same potential as earth and should have no energy flowing through it under normal circumstances.It is designed to ground conductive components the user may touch.
In the event of a short energy flows through the ground wire blowing the breaker, instead of through the user electrocuting them. This is why double insulated devices with no conductive parts for the user to touch have no ground pin. This is also why you should never bypass the ground pin.
It is there for your safety.
The UK pattern domestic 13 amp square pin connectors are used in some other countries. I have seen them in Ireland, the UAE and Malta. The third pin is used to provide a safety earth connection, and is longer than the other two pins in order to make sure that the earth connection is made, before the live and neutral pins make contact.
Some other countries use a two pin connector, but have an earthing shroud that makes contact with the socket also before the other pins connect, thus, essentially, they do have a 3 "pin" connector in all but name. Some countries do not require such earthed plugs and sockets, if there is no chance of live contact with a user. Australia also uses an earthed connector similar to the UK square pin type, but the pins are slightly differently arranged.
There was/is an intention to try to standardise the plug and socket connectors, internationally, but it has not so far been achieved. The organisation CENELEC which consists of 19 countries (including the UK) has been setting standards for the electrical supply amongst member countries. A recent change was to standardise on 230/400 volts, rather than the UK 240/415 volts and the European 220/380 volts.
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