Any ideas on keeping dogs warmer outside in the winter in their dog houses?

Well the dog would have shelter from the wind and cold and if the dog house is small in size with some sort of bedding in it - it will help using the dog's own body heat to warm up the space around it. So a few degrees warmer lol.

Not much. But it depends on the insulation of the dog house and the weather outside. But of course, the open entrance lets draft in straight away.

Your dog should not be subjected to a cold night without a jumper of some kind. Even then, he/she will be happier inside with you.

I cant really gove you an answer,but what I can give you is a way to a solution, that is you have to find the anglde that you relate to or peaks your interest. A good paper is one that people get drawn into because it reaches them ln some way.As for me WW11 to me, I think of the holocaust and the effect it had on the survivors, their families and those who stood by and did nothing until it was too late.