How do you figure out logarithms without a calculator?

( log 2003 )/ ( log 2 ) I used a calculator to give an accurate answer: 10.9679467058127 I am not sure what the 'correct' way to do this is. But this is how I would start. There is nothing to say what base the logs are.

They would just need to be the same. We can make use of that to get rid of that log 2. Because the log of anything to its own base is one, then log (base 2) of 2 is one.

( log 2003 )/ ( log 2 ) log (base 2) of 2003 / log (base 2) of 2 log (base 2) of 2003 Now approximating the log of anything to base two is possible, because it is easy to calculate the value of two to any power: just keep multiplying by two: 2^0 = 1 2^1 = 2 2^2 = 4 2^3 = 8 2^10 = 1024 2^11 = 2048 Now 2003 is somewhere betrween 1024 and 2048. So the log (base 2) of 2003 is a bit less than eleven. This is where my method is going to go a bit fuzzy.

A rough approximation could be done by triangulation on a plot of y = 2^x somewhere near where x = 11.

I cant really gove you an answer,but what I can give you is a way to a solution, that is you have to find the anglde that you relate to or peaks your interest. A good paper is one that people get drawn into because it reaches them ln some way.As for me WW11 to me, I think of the holocaust and the effect it had on the survivors, their families and those who stood by and did nothing until it was too late.