Your Base Metabolic Rate is the amount of calories you need to simply exist. It is based on a formula that takes your age, weight and sex in to account. You can then multiply it by an "activity factor" (1.2 for lazy slob through to 1.9 for athlete) to get your "maintenance level" which is the amount of calories that would keep you at a steady rate.
A 5ft8, 140lbs, 18 yr old male has a Base Metabolic rate of 1679 calories, and then if you multiply it by 1.375 for "lightly active" you get about 2300 calories to stay at the same weight. If this person was an athlete, then he would be needing 3200 calories a day or if he was a lazy slob then he would only need about 2000. Of course, all of these are approximate, every person is different and no simple formula can give you exactly true numbers.
It gives you a good idea though. More.
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