How much does biofouling affect the uptake rate of chemicals by SPMDs?

Biofouling impedes but does not stop the uptake of chemicals by SPMDs. Laboratory studies have shown that the uptake of some compounds by heavily fouled SPMDs is reduced by as much as 69 %. In particular, compounds with high Kows are impeded more than those with low Kows.

Fouling impedance is generally insignificant for the first 2 weeks of an exposure but may become significant in the second two-week interval of an exposure. However, observations suggest that biofouling of the exterior membrane surface may reach a maximum after about 1 month (obviously the time to this point is dependent on the nature of the aquatic test system) and does not increase much thereafter. In most cases, biofouling causes a decrease in the slope of the SPMD uptake line (plot of time vs. SPMD concentration), and in some cases may limit the value of longer SPMD exposures.

Note that permeability/performance reference compounds (PRCs) can be used to correct sampling rates for biofouling. More.

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