If two 4 ought aluminum lines are run together underground for about 150 feet but one is disconnected at both ends could induction cause a 50 volt current in the disconnected line?

No, but lets get some terminology correct as well It is incorrect to say "50 volt current". Voltage is electric potential in volts, and current is electric flow in amperes. The two terms are not usable as substitutes for each other Back to the question... This configuration is a one turn transformer (a poor one, though, with poor magnetic coupling) with a one-to-one ratio, so it is theoretically possible that a voltage on the primary (the connected side) could induce a voltage on the secondary (the disconnected side).

Problem is the secondary voltage would be comparable to the primary, and it is not expected that 4/0 wire would have much voltage differential. We are talking millivolts, nothing in the range of 50 volts.

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