It depends on the type of archaeology class you take. A general archaeology course will probably start back around the time of the Ancient Egyptians. They usually begin as far back as they can in regard to evidence, so you can expect to take a brief look at evidence as old as 5000 years for solid Egyptian artifacts, sometimes even older.
A college class for archaeology can involve fieldwork, not lab work: you may enter situations where you are expected to examine artifacts more carefully in a lab-like setting, but it is not as thought you'll be setting up experiments involving said artifacts or working with many chemicals. You will likely be working in very dry temperature controlled environments, however; these are the conditions best suited to fragile artifacts, the ones that were kept in the Field Museum archive rooms when I was able to visit last year. Traveling might also be a part of your class, but it depends on where you are located and what you are studying.
Often if you are involved in a full archaeology program, you will have to get some fieldwork in as an undergraduate student (this is true in the UK; in the US there are no archaeology undergrad programs, only masters, and in those you absolutely will do fieldwork). Usually fieldwork is done in chucks of time--2 to 6 weeks.
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