What is the aperture in a camera?

The aperture of a camera lens is similar to the iris of the human eye. It closes to make a smaller opening to let less light strike the film or sensor. It opens to let more light strike the sensor.It can make the image lighter or darker depending on other camera settings.

The aperture is specified in f-stop numbers. F-stops are geometrically proportionate.So an f-stop of f4 will let in twice as much light as an f-stop of f-8. Shutter speed and ISO sensitivity are also calibrated in f-stops.

So a setting of f-4 at 250th of a second will let in the same amount of light as a setting of f-8 at 125th of a second. Aperture also controls the depth of field of an image. The smaller the aperture, the sharper the image will be through the image plane.

Photographers use aperture setting, shutter speed and ISO setting to control the type of image they want. If they want to freeze motion, they need a fast shutter speed and will have to use a higher ISO sensitivity and a more open aperture. The photographic situation will determine the required settings.

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