Where to find articles about ruminants', rodents' & human's digestive system?

Ruminants are animals, such as cattle, that eat only grasses and grains. There are four divisions in the ruminant stomach. The first portion is the rumen.

This is where grasses are regurgitated over and over again into the cow's mouth, where she keeps on grinding and chewing it (chewing her 'cud'). The purpose of all of this chewing is to open more surface area on the eaten grasses for enzyme action of symbiotic microorganisms that live in the digestive tract of ruminants to help them digest cellulose. No animal alone can digest cellulose (plant starch), but herbivores all have microorganisms in their digestive tracts which produce the enzyme cellulase to break down cell walls of plant cells and release the plant starch molecules and then to break them down to individual glucose molecules which the animals can then use to make ATP for energy in cellular respiration, and also other nutrients are released from the plant cells once the cell walls have been broken down.

The reticulum and the omasum are the 2nd and 3rd portions of the stomach of a ruminant; again, plant starch is difficult for an animal to digest, so this slow passage of the food through these areas allow for more time for the microorganisms living there to secrete cellulase for digestion of the plant material. There are also smooth muscles in the walls of the reticulum and omasum which, like our esophagus, helps move the food along. The final portion is the abomasum, or the 'true stomach', which has digestive glands in its inner lining which secrete gastric enzymes for further digestion.

After this, there is the small intestine, which works like the small intestine in any higher animal; nutrient molecules are absorbed through cells in the lining of the intestine. The large intestine, also similar to other animals, helps absorb vitamins and excess water before excretion of undigested wastes. I hope this helped; my specialty is human physiology, but I did teach this sort of thing in biology classes years ago.

You might want to try putting 'ruminant digestive system' in your browser; you should get diagrams and all sorts of other goodies, and you can check my answer to be sure I didn't botch it up. This is my best try by memory.

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