Why should Captain James Cook be remembered?

James Cook was an English sea captain. He should be remembered for his contribution to exploration of the southern hemisphere, and his significant contributions to the charting of New Zealand and the east coast of Australia, neither of which he actually discovered (contrary to popular opinion) It was upon Cook's recommendation that places such as New Zealand and Australia were colonised by the British, resulting in European settlement and the expansion of the British empire On his first journey, departing in 1768, he commanded the 'Endeavour' on an expedition to chart the transit of Venus. Cook went on to search for Terra Australis Incognita the great continent which some believed to extend round the pole.

He first came across New Zealand, which had already been discovered by Abel Tasman in 1642. Cook spent some months there, charting the coastline. Nearly a year later, he set sail east, becoming the first known European to sight the Eastern coast of Australia, in April 1770.

He continued north, charting the coast in some detail, before returning a favourable report to England. It was this report which convinced the authorities to colonise the Australian continent with convicts On Cook's second journey which lasted from 1772-1775, he commanded the 'Resolution' and the 'Adventure' on an expedition to the South Pacific, disproving the rumour of a great southern continent, exploring the Antarctic Ocean, New Hebrides and New Caledonia On his third journey, commencing in 1776, Cook visited and named the Sandwich Islands, now known as Hawaii, and unsuccessfully sought a northwest passage along the coast of North America. On his way back to England, he stopped at Hawaii again. After a boat was stolen by natives, he and his crew had an altercation with the Hawaiians.

On 14 February 1779, Cook was speared by Hawaiian natives. This was a tragic end to the career of a noble and courageous explorer who contributed much to the knowledge of the continents and islands of the world.

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