What happens during the fill and launch of a U/C valve monotube hybrid rocket motor?

A solenoid valve is activated, opening the passage way between the supply bottle and rocket motor tank. The tank begins to fill with liquid N20 from the bottom up. During the fill, a small vent hole at the top of the motor allows air to evacuate from the tank as it is displaced by the more dense nitrous liquid.

This is what causes the 'hissing' sound you hear when hybrid motors are being filled. When the liquid N20 reaches the top of the motor, a plume of white fog will be seen exiting the vent hole. This is the liquid N20 boiling off as it hits atmospheric pressure, and our signal that the motor is full and the ignition sequence can be started.

During the ignition sequence, a heat source is introduced into the combustion chamber near the bottom of the U/C valve. This heat source may be delivered by a piece of APCP rocket propellant and an igniter, or by a 'pyro free' method, using gaseous oxygen and an electric spark. The heat source allows two things to happen.

First, it melts away ... more.

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