What's the difference between a manic episode and a hypomanic episode?

According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), the best way to differentiate between a manic and hypomanic episode is the degree of impairment caused. Mania is diagnosed when symptoms are present to such an extent that hospitalization is required to keep you safe or when symptoms are at least severe enough to be causing significant problems in your life (for example, inability to work or go to school; legal problems due to reckless behaviors such as dangerous driving; or relationship problems due to impulsivity, such as sexual promiscuity or compulsive spending). During a hypomanic episode, on the other hand, you may have some of the symptoms of mania and may experience the urge to engage in these kinds of destructive behaviors, but you are able to remain in control of yourself and not act on these urges.

Here are some other ways to tell the difference between a manic and hypomanic episode: A manic episode usually lasts longer than a hypomanic episode. Mania substantially impairs your functioning, where as hypomania often actually improves functioning (for example, you have more energy and so are able to get more things done in a day), or at worst causes only mild impairment. When manic, your thoughts become speedy and disconnected, and your speech becomes fast and nonstop.

In a hypomanic episode, the thoughts might be described as racing or crowded, but not to the same extent as in mania, and these thoughts are often also described as creative. Mania is associated with aimless overactivity, such as starting many different projects and not really getting anything done, whereas hypomania often leads to an increase in goal-directed activities -- in other words, you are able to achieve more.As with a manic episode, you may welcome hypomania as a relief from depression or simply because of the increase in energy and good feelings that hypomania often brings with it. You may feel that in this state you can get more done and are more creative, so you may be reluctant to seek treatment to bring it to an end.

This makes it especially important to be aware that, while not a full-blown manic episode, it is possible for hypomania to turn into one if left untreated. For people who never experience full-blown manias, a hypomanic episode left unchecked often leads to a crash into a depression.

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